Which of the following is a common issue encountered with FDM printing?

Warping and layer separation are indeed common issues faced during Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printing. This phenomenon occurs primarily due to uneven cooling of the printed layers. When the material cools too quickly, it can shrink, which leads to deformation or separation from the build platform, particularly along the edges of the print. Factors such as temperature fluctuations, the type of material used (e.g., ABS tends to warp more than PLA), and inadequate bed adhesion can exacerbate these issues.

Proper preparation and calibration, such as using a heated bed, adjusting print speeds, and ensuring correct material settings, can help mitigate these challenges. Understanding this aspect of FDM printing is crucial for improving print quality and achieving successful 3D prints.